The Effects Of Modern Mass Culture On Modern Society

Advertising is one of the most common types of social communication and an integral element of modern mass culture. It was the product of the development of market-oriented economic culture production methods, gradually, as the development of information technology in the process of historical evolution, becoming one of the most important social institutions of modern society. The study of nonverbal communication was engaged by scholars such as A. Pease, E. Hall, R. Berdvistell, G. Wilson, M. L. Knapp. Advertising is one of the channels of social communication. The system of social communication provides not only the preservation and rebroadcast achievements of culture and cultural norms and everyday practices, but it is also a crucial part of the process of inculturation personality which is essential to the processes of social development as a whole. An important event in the evolution of modern mass culture was the so-called â€Å"visual turn† resulting from the multimedia revolution of XX-XXI centuries.This revolution led to the dominance of visual cultural forms, including outdoor advertising as a mass phenomenon culture. With the growth of technological innovations in the world for basic communication techniques and processes it is significant to realise how a switch from face-to-face communication as the principal intends of communication to CMC (Computer Mediated Communication) would influence our global society (Plumb 2014). Non-verbal communication is a collection ofShow MoreRelatedCulture Globalization and Its Impact on Recreation Culture1353 Words   |  6 Pagessocial phenomenon what appear on societies , but globalization appearance and its effect on any field will connected by cultural and ideological debates what its to hard to predict its results. 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Nursing Ethics for Utilitarian Approach - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theNursing Ethics for Utilitarian Approach and Deontology. Answer: Introduction The case study is concerned about Sam. Sam is a 21 years old boy, who had been admitted to the hospital with acute abdominal pain. According to the reports he had a past medical history of drug associated psychosis. Self harming and agitated behavior of Sam have compelled the clinical staffs to put him under restraints. According to Camilla, who was the nurse attending Sam , restraint on Sam would not only exacerbate Sams violence and agitation, but will also put other patients and the nurse at risk. The following essay will throw light on the different codes of ethics of nursing that have been breached in this case study. This essay will also critically analyze the nursing codes of ethics and the rights of human dignity associated to this case. The essay will further explain the utilization of the alternative methods of care for the preservation of the ethics of nursing. Discussion Utilitarian approach- This approach assesses an action in terms of the consequences and the outcomes. According to this ethics any decision would be made for the greater good. One act can be harmful for a particular patient, but it would provide safety to the other patients (Gray Schein, 2012). Deontology- The deontological approach is the normative ethical position that will determine the morality of action based on the rules. As per the deontological of ethics, an action may be considered as good, because of the feature of the action itself and not because of the product of the action ( Gray Schein, 2012). Libertarianism- This approach emphasizes on freedom of choice, individual judgment, freedom of speech and autonomy. In this case it is evident that the clinical staffs have imposed restraints on Sam, which may be considered as the breaching of the autonomy of the patient (Gray Schein, 2012). Even if the entire intent was for the betterment of the patient, leaving the patient out of his decisions leads to violation of the self of the concerned patient. Natural Law: this theory suggests that law and morality are interdependent and are interconnected. As per the theories of the Natural law, morality in human beings is derived from the nature (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). Virtual theory: this approach emphasizes on giving importance to the individual character. There are 3 main virtues of ethics. They are- Ethics of care, Eudaimonism and Agent based theories (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). Egalitarianism: Equity should be maintained among all the people living in the society. This concept is based on the fact that all human beings are equal. This approach is well acceptable in nursing practices, as this is one of the sole principles that a nurse should follow (Gray Schein, 2012). In this case it can be found that if the nurse performs according to the convenience of the patient, then it can bring in harm for the other clinical staffs. Again for the safety of other patients, if the patient is applied restraint and is tied, then it will be against the nursing ethics of autonomy (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). The different ethical of virtues of Principlism are Justice, Non maleficience, beneficence, respect for the autonomy of the patient and respect for human integrity and dignity (Beauchamp, 2016). The ethical principle of Autonomy refers to freedom in patients. Another ethical principle refers to Beneficence (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2013). This principle approaches a type of care that is best for the patient and involves good conduct of the nurses. In order to apply beneficence in nursing, nurses sometimes have to take up rude decisions which are intended for the betterment of the patient. The principle of Non maleficense follows that a patient should not be harmed at any cost (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). It should be made sure that the act that is being done with the patient is intrinsically not wrong and have some underlying superior effects. The concept of Justice refers to a complicated conundrum, if a patient is forcibly detained against his consent. In this case study the different principles of ethics that has been breached are beneficence, Justice, Non maleficence and Respect for patient autonomy, respect for human dignity (Lin, Watson Tsai, 2013). The primary codes of ethics that have been breached in this case is that Although Sam was showing anger and aggression, he would not be harmed at any cost (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2013). Second ethical issue that has been breached in this case is non-maleficence shown by the nurse named Julia. According to Julia, investing time on Sam would be just a waste of time. In case of Camilla, the type of dilemma that has been faced by her is of utilitarian approach. The statements made by Julia are associated to the moral and the ethical principle of Utilitarian approach (Lin, Watson Tsai, 2013). This kind of approach can ham the individual but it would cater to some greater good. In this case, it is clearly evident that if Sam is set free then he might harm other patients and the clinical staffs, which will reduce the maximum, benefit (Butts Rich, 2015). Principles of maleficence indicate that no patient should be harmed in any way, thus principle of maleficence have been breached in this c ase (Grace, 2017). Secondly, it can be seen from the concerned case study that Julia had expressed discontent regarding provision of treatment to Sam. Thus, the principles of Justice and Egalitarianism had been breached in this case. It is evident from the case study that Camilla is inclined to the concept of deontology and thus is perturbed about the mental condition of Sam (Beauchamp, 2016). As per the theory of virtue, it is necessary to consider the condition of the individual before judging a patient. In this case Julia is judging Sam on the basis of his attitude and action. She is not considerate about the mental health of Sam and is more concerned about their own well being. It is clearly evident from the case study that Camilla has been showing concerns for Sam as well as her peers. Therefore it can be said that Camilla is adopting the egalitarianism theory that believes on equality among the all human beings. It is proved from the case study that Camillas mind set is directed by the ethical principle of liberty (Grace, 2017, Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). Only Camilla has identified that although application of restraint would bring about positive impact on other patients and nurses, this would be against the rights of liberty of Sam. There are certain codes of professional conduct that needs to be upheld by the nurses during their nursing regimen. A nurse should be able to provide care to the patient that is culturally safe and competent. A nurse should be able to provide a quality nursing care to all the patients (Grace, 2017, Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). Nurses should be able to value the culturally diversified people and would be able to provide a care that is patient centered. As per the nursing codes of conduct it is necessary to rule out the determinants of poor health such as race, psychosocial and the cognitive disability, socio economic statues (Grace, 2017, Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). It is essential to built up a socially, economically and ecologically sustainable ambience to mitigate the harmful effects of these social determinants. Human dignity is an individuals sense of self worth and self respect (Grace, 2017, Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). Every patient has been entitled to get some basal level of care, which includes food, shelter and personal safety. The human rights in nursing practice involves respect, proper recognition, protection of economic, civil, cultural and political rights in human beings (Curto et al., 2016). It should be noted that there are certain episodes of care that may appear to be frightening for the patient and can conflict with the ethics of human dignity. In this case Sam has been applied restraint, so that he does not harm himself and others, but such an action can lead to further agitation and annoyance in Sam and erosion of his dignity. The practice of nursing is something beyond delivering care to the patients. It includes provision of maleficence, beneficence, patent advocacy, justice and integrity to the patient(Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). It is evident from the case study that the medical team had ordered restraint on Sam. As a nurse it is essential to understand the physical and the emotional burden in Sam, which is acute abdominal pain and his psychosocial dysfunction (Ivanov Oden, 2013). Therefore as a nurse my first recommendation can be to adopt alternative techniques which would be safe and would not harm the integrity of the patient. It should be mentioned that application of restraint may be dangerous for mental patients. A patient with psychosocial problems should be dealt holistically, such that an ambience of trust generates between the patient and the nurse. Sam could have been left alone for some times unless he settled down them he could have convinced regarding is treatment. It is known from the case study that apart from Camilla, the other clinical staffs were resentful in attending Sam. Instead of doing this, all the clinical staffs could have utilized a collaborative approach and would have acted as a therapeutic team in care of Sam. Conclusion The above mentioned case study provides us with a vivid idea regarding the nursing codes of ethics and also determines the ethical codes that have been breached in this case. Thus it can be concluded that non-maleficence, beneficence, dignity and integrity in patients should be considered critically while dealing with patients like Sam. However keeping his aggression and agitation in mind, restraints would support the law of deontology but can have negative impact on mental patients. References Beauchamp, T. L. (2016). Principlism in Bioethics. InBioethical Decision Making and Argumentation(pp. 1-16). Springer International Publishing. 27 September 2016 Buchanan, A. (2010). The egalitarianism of human rights.Ethics,120(4), 679-710. Burkhardt, M. A., Nathaniel, A. (2013).Ethics and issues in contemporary nursing. Nelson Education. Butts, J., Rich, K. (2015). Foundations of Ethical Nursing Practice.Role Development in Professional Nursing Practice,117.p.p. 117 Chadwick, R., Gallagher, A. (2016).Ethics and nursing practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Curto, M., Masters, G. A., Girardi, P., Baldessarini, R. J., Centorrino, F. (2016). Factors Associated with Costs of Hospitalization of Severely Mentally Ill Patients.Bipolar Disord,2(104), 2. DOI: 10.4172/jbd.1000104 Gray, K., Schein, C. (2012). Two minds vs. two philosophies: Mind perception defines morality and dissolves the debate between deontology and utilitarianism.Review of Philosophy and Psychology,3(3), 405-423. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969733012458609 Ivanov, L. L., Oden, T. L. (2013). Public health nursing, ethics and human rights.Public Health Nursing,30(3), 231-238. DOI:10.1111/phn.12022 Kangasniemi, M., Pakkanen, P., Korhonen, A. (2015). Professional ethics in nursing: an integrative review.Journal of advanced nursing,71(8), 1744-1757. DOI:10.1111/jan.12619 Kangasniemi, M., Vaismoradi, M., Jasper, M., Turunen, H. (2013). Ethical issues in patient safety: Implications for nursing management.Nursing ethics,20(8), 904-916. Retrieved from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969733013484488 Lin, Y. P., Watson, R., Tsai, Y. F. (2013). Dignity in care in the clinical setting: A narrative review.Nursing Ethics,20(2), 168-177.retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969733012458609 Taylor, R. M. (2013). Ethical principles and concepts in medicine.Handbook of clinical neurology,118, 1-9. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-53501-6.00001-9

Is Silas Marner a Moral Tale Essay Example

Is Silas Marner a Moral Tale Paper A moral tale is a recalled story with a deeper, meaningful lesson to be learned hidden in it. The earliest moral tales probably originate from the Bible. One such moral tale in it was about a shepherd who had one hundred sheep. But when a lamb strayed away, the shepherd left his flock of ninety-nine and looked for that one lost sheep. When he found the lamb, he took it back to the flock. And the moral of this tale? Everyone is just as worthy/valuable as everyone else. Many of these moral tales appear in other books as well. One common trait in many moral tales, is that they are quite simple, or at least the moral part normally is. And the moral within the story is easy to spot. It is a lesson on how to treat others/ or how to behave or act. The setting and atmosphere at the beginning of Silas Marner is the simple village, Lantern Yard. You get the impression that Lantern Yard is a very religious village, and has minimal contact with the outside world and new technology. They arent greedy, nor is food as plentiful as in Raveloe. In the first paragraph, Silas Marner, and weavers in general, are described as near aliens, and the craft they are skilled at, couldnt be carried on entirely without the help of the Evil One the evil one being the devil. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Silas Marner a Moral Tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is Silas Marner a Moral Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is Silas Marner a Moral Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer George Eliot is trying to make the point in the first few lines of Silas Marner, that people judge people and things that they dont understand. And you get the feeling that the residents of Lantern Yard are almost primitive, in the sense that they dont even understand the simple craft of weaving. The name, Lantern Yard, also has a meaning. The yard in Lantern Yard, gives you the sense that the village is enclosed and lantern being warm and homely. Silas Marner is first introduced in the book as a mysterious weaver living in a stone cottage by a stone pit in Raveloe. But the description of the noise from the loom, so unlike the natural cheerful trotting of the winnowing-machine or the simpler rhythm of the flail, gives the feeling that he was perceived as unknown to Raveloe. He is described as someone obsessed with his work, and his large brown protuberant eyes in Silas Marners pale face really saw nothing very distinctly that was not close to them although the Raveloe kids believed he could dart cramp, or rickets, or a wry mouth with a single stare. And because of this description, he must look very daunting and almost spooky and frightful. I believe some of George Eliots life mirror themselves in this book in an abstract form. Parts in the book about Silas Marner losing faith. She also lost her faith (George Eliot=Mary Ann Evans) and maybe she is putting her point across in this book. In previous books, namely The Mill on The Floss, she added many of her own experiences, and I believe she has done the same in Silas Marner. In the way that he is treated in Raveloe and Lantern Yard. For instance in Raveloe, he is ignored and silenced from social events, and the same happened to Mary Ann Evans after she ran off with the already-married George Henry Lewes. And in Lantern Yard, Silas is judged by the parishioners and friends, the same as Mary Ann Evans was. After the introductions to Raveloe and Silas Marner himself, it is revealed why Silas was forced to leave Lantern Yard and how he came to live in Raveloe. And there is a moral question in lantern Yard that a man should be judged by a kind of pulling straws method. I think in this way, Mary Ann Evans, is trying to put a point across, that you cannot judge anyone with hocus-pocus as it were. Because you know that Marner is innocent, yet he is dealt with injustice, and I think she may also be hitting out at believers in God. When he is falsely accused and judged at Lantern Yard, all that he believes in, his main object in life is shattered, and the only thing he can do and wants to do is isolate himself from people, the rest of this new world called Raveloe and God, who he believes has betrayed him. Maybe she believes that whether you believe in Him or not, you are still accused and judged, good or bad, innocent or guilty. The contrasts play a major part in Silas Marner. Lantern Yard is a very religious village, and the church plays a major part within the village. The village itself is very isolated from the outside world and new technology. Food is not as in much excess as it is in Raveloe, because unlike Lantern Yard, orchards looking lazy with neglected plenty; the large church in the wide courtyard, which men gazed at lounging at their own doors in service time . And this extract, is pointing out the contrasts between Lantern Yard and Raveloe. In Raveloe, food is plentiful, and orchards with apple trees in them, stand full of ripe fruit, yet the apples are not taken from the tree, because there is so much food, that they are not needed. But this is not the case in Lantern Yard, where they have to take in as much food as possible, as food cannot be wasted there, for there isnt enough to be wasted. And then it describes men, lounging at their own front doors, but in Lantern Yard, it was a different story, and the villagers of lantern yard would be eager to go to church, but in Raveloe, there is no need for all that, and not many people do go to church in Raveloe, yet you would of thought they would have more to be grateful for, and I think that is what Mary Ann Evans is trying to put across. I believe she is trying to say that whether you worship God or not, and go to church regularly, it doesnt matter. you still maybe poor or hungry, and going to church and worshipping God would not change that. So if Silas Marner is a moral tale, it is going against everything the Victorians believed in. And that if you dont believe in God, you can still be well off with plenty of food on the table. When Silas was exiled from Lantern Yard, the reason he does not go to church in Raveloe, is not only because he wishes to be isolated, it may also be the connection to Lantern Yard and God. In Lantern Yard, they are not as well off , and need to work harder for their food. But in Raveloe, there is a sharp contrast. Raveloe is a secular town, and the church plays a minor role in the town and its residents. There is also plenty of food, there were several chiefs in Raveloe who could farm badly quite at their ease, drawing enough money in those war times, to live in a rollicking fashion, and keep a jolly Christmas, Whitsun and Eastertide, meaning Raveloe was a thriving economy, where you didnt have to work hard to make a good bit of money, and that everyone was well off and well fed too. In the second chapter, The Groove Made by Fifteen Years in Raveloe, the mood is set that Silas is unhinged from his old-faith, and the past becomes dreamy because its symbols have all vanished, and the present too is dreamy because it is linked with no memories. What Mary Ann Evans is trying to say is that when you are in a new space, a new environment, everything becomes blurred, and dreamy, because you do not know this place and have no memories of it. And that memories are what make a place, for example, home is not home, unless you have memories of that place, and you know people there. But for Silas, Raveloe is like a new world, and it is all dreamy to him, because he has no memories of that place. The towns people in Raveloe, because they dont understand him, do not trust him either and keep their distance. Silas after his exile from Lantern Yard, doesnt trust God or people and they do not trust him back. He rarely leaves his cottage, except to get essentials, and doesnt talk to anyone. So they think he is a bit mysterious, and therefore dont trust him. His first movement after the shock had been to work in his loom; and he went on with this unremittingly, never asking himself why, now he was come to Raveloe, and this extract, tells us Silas reaction to moving into Raveloe, and his instinct almost tells him to work. But at first, he doesnt care for the money, only to work: but it was pleasant to him to feel them in his palm, the five gold guineas he held. And this is when his motives for weaving change, from an instinct, too a greed for gold. But it doesnt start of as greed, at first it is a fascination, because in Lantern Yard, he probably would never have seen this much money before. And it was another element of life, like the weaving and the satisfaction of hunger and this gives us an insight, that Silas loves his weaving as much as satisfying a hunger, and he now has this new element of life, and that is gold. There is a lot of moral comment through each character. And they all get their just deserts in the end. Many are either punished, or rewarded, and that is why I think this book is a moral tale, but a very complex one with more than one message. For instance, Dunstan, Godfreys brother, is really hated in Raveloe because he is rude, dishonest, and disrespectful to them. Then he does the worst, and steals Silas Marners gold, and the description of Dunstan when he stepped forward into the darkness has a double meaning. One, it is a descriptive sentence, and it describes how dark it is, and him stepping into that darkness. The second, is an abstract account, of Dunstan doing something much worse than he ever has before, and stepping forward to a new evil. And the moral message in Dunstans story, is that the truth will always come out, because at the end of Silas Marner it is discovered that Dunstan has drowned, and silas money is returned to him; but because of his new love in Eppie, it cannot hold him like it did before. Another character with a moral comment within him is Dunstans brother, Godfrey Cass, who lies for many years about a secret marriage he has with a drug-addict, and who is a victim to the demon opium and a secret child to that wife. That child later becomes Eppie, and while Godfreys wife goes to see him and tell the truth to his family and friends, she dies in the snow where she does not feel the bed was cold, and this two has another meaning, that she was cold and heartless. While her child wanders into Silas house, and he believes it to be a present from God. But when Godfrey learns of his wifes death, he is pleased, and wishes to propose to Nancy Lammeter, and care for his child. But he cannot bring himself to tell the truth to his wife, and so keeps it from her, and lets Silas Marner look after her instead. But sixteen years later, Godfrey tells Nancy all about Eppie, and she says to Godfrey, Godfrey, if you had but told me this six years ago, we could have done some of our duty by the child. Do you think Id have refused to take her in, if Id known she was yours? And you feel great sympathy for Godfrey, for if he had told Nancy all that time ago, he may now be the father of Eppie. They do go to Silas but she has known only Silas to be her father, and stays with him. He is almost, the tragic hero of the story, but for one secret, one lie, he been punished for the rest of his life. But Eppie does bring happiness to Silas, who, after losing his gold, falls into a sort of numbness, but when he finds Eppie on the floor, in her golden hair and his short eyesight, he sees his gold. And this is symbolism, because he sees the only thing he had loved in Raveloe, in this little girl, and a new, warmer love starts to fill him. So in Silas story, he gets what he deserves, happiness. He was a good man, who was unfortunately thrown out of Lantern Yard, but he finally found happiness in Eppie. Nancy, was just unfortunate to get caught up in it all. A sort of innocence almost, and she shares her sorrow with Godfrey. When Eppie does come to Silas, it is like a message from God. For all these years, he had been exiled from Lantern Yard, and no friends, relatives, or just people he knew in Raveloe. But when Eppie comes, it is redemption and forgiveness from God. Eppie is innocence from an evil background. A background of her mother and opium. In the end, the truth is always revealed, and I think this is the main moral in Silas Marner. The truth about Godfrey being Eppies father and about Dunstan stealing Silas money. When Nancy and Godfrey, tell Eppie if she comes with them she can become a proper lady, but Eppie doesnt want this. She has realized she does not need riches and money to be happy and loved, all because of Silas. This is almost Godfreys punishment, if he had told the truth, he could have had Nancy and Eppie, but because he didnt, he paid the price of not being Eppies father. Dunstan dies in a river, and after taking the choice of stepping forward into the darkness, he is punished for it, he steals money, and for what? He doesnt get a chance to spend it, a chance to be evil. Near the end when Eppie marries Aaron, they are happy, yet do not have much money. And I believe what the author is trying to tell us is that you dont need great amounts of wealth and money, in the case of Eppie and Silas. Silas found love and happiness in Eppie even though he had lost his money, and Eppie and Aaron found love in each other, without having much money and riches. Their garden is a symbol of their simple happiness, and I think the author has put this in deliberately. And to say that you only need a simple life to have simple pleasures, and this is the same with Silas. I do think Silas Marner is a moral tale. But not just about the way we behave. I think it is trying to tell us that we dont need great wealth to be happy, that happiness cannot be bought with money, and this moral is repeated in Silas and Eppies stories. Also, that the truth always comes out sometime, and you cant keep a secret or lie forever. Dunstans secret about him stealing the money comes out in the end, it takes sixteen years for the truth to come out but it does come out, and I think that is what the author has tried to emphasis; it may take a while, but the truth does come out eventually. I think a very old moral also appears, treat your neighbor has you would like to be treated and I think this is the case with Silas and Dunstan. They both either disrespect people, or try to isolate themselves from them, and they both got the same treatment back. But Dunstan, among other things was just disrespectful, and he was punished for that. Silas though, he did have an almost plausible reason for his actions, and at least he never did any wrong. I think what the main moral within the book that the author is trying to get across is to try to be kind, honest, truthful, and respectful, and the same will happen to you. And I think this story has come from many of the authors own imagination, but also from her own experiences with religion, society, and also social life and differences.

Chapter 1-2 Outline of the Enduring Vision Ap Us History Essays

Chapter 1-2 Outline of the Enduring Vision Ap Us History Essays Chapter 1-2 Outline of the Enduring Vision Ap Us History Paper Chapter 1-2 Outline of the Enduring Vision Ap Us History Paper Essay Topic: Us History Rachel Wright Sector 3 8/2/11 Chapter 1 I. Native Peoples of America A. Iroquois 1. 5 Native Americans 2. Engaged in endless cycles of violence 3. Hiawatha a. Tried to restore peace b. Wandered through nature in search of finding answers. c. Hiawatha Deganawidah (peacemaker)’s story wasn’t written until the 19th century. c. Found holy man who helped their nation to be introduced in a new message of peace. B. Submerging Differences 1. Made a confederacy based on the condolence ritual. 2. Sequence of bloody warfare lowered by peace. 3. Orgins date around A. D. 1400 II. First Americans A. C. 13,000-2500 B.C. B. New worlds a. Two routes to get too America. b. Most arrived in multiple migrations. c. First settled in Alaska and NorthWestern Canada. C. Many resources in the â€Å"new world† III. Cultural Diversity A. Mesoamerica and south America a. Developed methods b. Heredity rules excersized power. B. SouthWest a. Most of northern Mexico. b. Reached the area about 2500 B. C. then full time farming came around 400 B. C. c. Hohokam occurred third century and grew with ideas and materials. C. Eastern Woodlands a. Mississippi Valley to the Atlantic. b. City of Cahokia. 1. Between the 10th and 13th centuries. 2. Archaeology provided Cahokian’s with resources for social structure, trade networks and beliefs. 3. By 1200 Cahokia declined in size and power as southeast and Midwest passed it. IV. Spiritual and Social Values A. Manitou was their spiritual power. B. Spiritual Power 1. Visions in their sleep were very serious, 2. Found power through difficult physical ordeals. 3. There were many initiations. C. Discovering America 1. Europeans discovered it in 1492. 2. After 1500 there was a new attitude towards north America. 3. European newcomers claimed territory for their people. Chapter 2 I. African and European People A. Christopher Columbus 1. Italian explorer. 2. Claimed the island of San Salvador in the Bahamas for Spain. B. European’s Population 1. Doubled in size. 2. Thought and spirituality mad beliefs and knowledge. 3. Distributed wealth and power changed. C. West Africa: Tradition and Change 1. Trans-Saharan caravan trade caused the climb of grassland kingdoms. 2. Mali’s rulers imported brass, copper, cloth, spices, goods, and horses. 3. West African saw marriage as extended families gaining benefits. II. European Culture Society A. Renaissance B. European Status 1. Gender and wealth decided your status. Inherited position and politics determined status as well. 3. 75% were peasants. C. Joint-Stock Company III. Religious Trouble A. Martin Luther 1. German monk who attacked the practice of indulgences. 2. Roman Catholic Church excommunicated. 3. His revolt led to the Protestant Reformation B. Predestination. C. Catholic reformation. IV. Reformation in England A. King Henry VIII 1. Persuaded Parliament to pass a series of acts. 2. Occurred in 1533-1534 3. Supreme head of the Church of England. B. Europe and the Atlantic World 1. Europeans introduce Christianity to savages and pagans. 2. Transatlantic slave trade. 3. Colonization of the Americas. C. Puritanism to the middle ranks. V. New Life A. New England 1. 1620 families were sent over in the Mayflower. 2. Plymouth was established by English immigrants. 3. Squanto helped causing Thanksgiving. B. America 1. Sail westward across the Atlantic rather than around Africa. 2. America was named after Amerigo Vespucci. 3. Tordesillas drew a line in the mid-Atlantic. C. Slavery and Racism 1. Portuguese traded weapons with Africans. 2. Europeans justified enslaving blacks as their Christian duty. 3. Many Africans were enslaved because of indebtedness.

Should Environmental Rights be inserted into the Canadian Charter of Essay

Should Environmental Rights be inserted into the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Essay Example Through the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Canadians are afforded the right to life, liberty of expression, security and protection from discrimination. However, these liberties and rights can only work against themselves if the people are not allowed to enjoy them with the right to be in healthy environments. To this end, this paper will critically evaluate why environmental rights should be inserted into the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Approaching the protection of certain rights through statutory and constitutional means is a practical and achievable initiative and, in the present age of global warming, all citizens in the world, including future generations, are entitled to protection from unhealthy environments. Therefore, the Canadian federal government must consider how the rights of its citizens to an environment that is balanced ecologically and healthy are ensured, both through statutory and constitutional means. Denying Canadians the right to live in healthy environments cannot be justified. Since a nation’s Constitution defines its people in more ways than just a simple set of legal instructions, it should also exemplify their highest values and aspirations. Therefore, as the supreme law of the land, it is only fair that the Canadian Constitution mirrors its people’s connection to their environment which sustains health and life. Sadly, in the industrialized world, Canada ranks extremely po orly in terms of environmental performance. According to a survey conducted by the Center for Global Development, based in Washington, Canada was placed 27th out of 27 among the industrialized countries (Erin 61). From this, there is evidently an urgent need to include environmental rights in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This will also serve the purpose of confirming the federal government’s public trust obligation of protecting the environment under its authority.

Treating breast cancer with Radiographic therapy Essay

Treating breast cancer with Radiographic therapy - Essay Example The therapy refers to the use of specific rays in imagining thus monitoring the progress of the treatment. Additionally, the therapy includes the use of high-energy radiation to kill the cancerous cells thus eliminating the cancer. The therapy is effective since it destroys the DNA of the cancer cells thus discouraging the growth of such cells. While the use of radiation is efficient in killing the cancer cells, the radiations can destroy the normal body cells a feature that explains the extreme caution that doctors and patients must take during such therapies. The book investigates the nature of manifestation of the disease thus investigating the numerous methods of treatment key among which is radiographic therapy. The therapy begins with an equally effective diagnosis of the disease. The book explains that early determination of the cancer helps increase the effectiveness of the radiographic therapy. The book encourages self-inspection as a way of ensuring early detection of cancer â€Å"physical examination of a patient with breast cancer should begin with in inspection of breasts† (Winchester, David, Clifford and Larry 237). Such personal inspections of the breast investigate any irregular development in the breast. Inspecting the breast with the view to determining any anomalies is always an easy process especially for those with the tendency of doing so since they easily identify the varying types of anomalies that may hint cancerous growth. Effective early detection of the cancerous growth enhances the success of radiographi c therapy. The book explains that Radiographic therapy is essential even in other forms of cancer treatments such as surgical operations. After physical examination discussed above, patients should always seek radiography in order to validate the existence of cancerous cells in their breasts. The mechanism provides effective ways of capturing images of the internal parts of the body such as

Bottled Water Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bottled Water - Coursework Example Beyond the realm of health concerns, which are satisfied by using bottled water, what actually needs to be justified is the price we pay for it, both environmentally and economically. Even though the water purification procedures are expensive, and they destroy certain minerals during the treatment, they still ensure water purity. Alongside this, the recyclable bottles help in environmental conservation rather than further polluting the environment. Comparatively, tap water is prone to be contaminated by hazardous pollutants from underground seepage and water pollution. But it is important to understand that the lack of few minerals is better than drinking contaminated water and endangering lives. As a result, both tap and bottled water are under scrutiny about their purity and mineral content. This has become an ongoing debate to justify which one of the either two is a better, viable option. As the argument above tends to support the cleanliness of bottled-water, the prime concern of everyone should be to protect their lives without compromising it at the hands of impure drinking water. Hu, Zhihua., Morton, L.W., & Mahler, R.L. (2011). Bottled Water: United States Consumers and Their Perceptions of Water Quality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8,