Advertising to Youth Free Essays

In the regularly growing universe of industrialism and publicizing, organizations are continually searching for better approaches to offer their items to youth by making their advertisements and crusades more paramount than the opposition; hence reevaluating themselves. The adolescent age has become the practical objective since they have more investing influence than any energy in recent memory; due to more disposabel pay, and expanded roads available to them in which to go through their cash. In this manner organizations spend a colossal measure of cash on promotion to guarantee ubiquity and early brand steadfastness. We will compose a custom exposition test on Promoting to Youth or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now In the most recent decade, these superbrands are looking towards new and crazy approaches to catch youthful crowds, in spite of the fact that these battles are engaging, how compelling right? This paper is intended to exhibit how organizations are rethinking themselves, regardless of whether their endeavors are viable, and what potential ramifications these activities may have on youth during their high school years, when they might be the most susceptible. As referenced before, youth are unbelievably imperative to the universal market, in â€Å"The Advertising Age†, Jeff Jensen specifies that in todays youth showcase â€Å"Selling out isn't just acknowledged, it’s considered hip† (Klein, pg. 5) Corporate sponsorships have become a customary event, as an aggregates promote during enormous game occasions, shows or potentially even host whole challenges . This accommodates an ideal channel of infiltration to a lot of youth as they are generally key onlookers of the se sorts of occasions. A case of this would be the how McDonald’s was a sponser of the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games. All through the fourteen day length of the games, McDonald’s sponsorship was seen all over the place, which was unexpected thinking about that most food offered at McDonald’s is high in fat and cholesterol.Regardless of the realities, the organization advanced themselves as a result of solid dynamic living by having competitors underwrite their items. A previous crusade highlighted pop symbol Justin Timberlake working together with the Golden Arches, and making the motto and jingle â€Å"Im Lovin It†, which later promoted his own music profession. The utilization of music to stand out to an item has become another publicizing pattern among various organizations since it permits the association to show up in line with youth culture by utilizing recognizable tunes, or specialists to relate to the brand.A progressive exertion made via car producers, for example, Audi, Ford, Honda, and BMW has changed brand picture by making brand dedication among â€Å"a entirely different generation† and â€Å"chasing youthful purchasers. † (Halliday, 16) For the situation of Audi, they supported David Bowie’s show, and solicited fans to team up two from his hit tunes for their next crusade; the champ would win a pristine Audi TT car. â€Å"The focus for the challenge [was] skewe[ed] to 20-something purchasers, more yout hful than Audi’s customary crowd in their late 30s to mid 50s† (Halliday, 16) As for BMW, their plot for focusing on youth matured 15-30 years of age was also clever.They supported youthful go-truck drivers by giving them grants to race for BMW Formula USA expertly, helping assemble the victors professions, yet have their new objective crowd relate to the drivers and in this way, the brand. Before, extravagance vehicles, for example, BMW and Audi were for the most part promoted towards children of post war America, yet advertisers are beginning to understand the market estimation of publicizing to youth moving toward an age when they begin choosing what vehicle they ought to relate to. This makes brand devotion at an early age, that will ideally produce deals for the organizations later on.The above are on the whole instances of how to make sure about brand steadfastness among youth at an early age. In spite of the fact that the crusades are cunning promoting systems, the repercussions might be not kidding. On account of McDonald’s, there are some genuine moral issues revolved around the way that an eatery that sells shoddy nourishment is advancing itself as an option in contrast to a sound way of life. Despite the fact that they do offer â€Å"healthier† decisions on their menu, their battle during the Olympics included the trademark â€Å"you don’t must be a competitor to eat like one† highlighting competitors like Patrick Chan eating a burger.These sorts of plugs will in general be deceiving to youthful watchers to accept that competitors really eat cheap food. Indeed, even watchers that know McDonald’s is certifiably not a sol id decision may be bound to buy from the café due to the consistent promoting, and motivating forces, for example, official Olympic stuff. The impact of the battle was fruitful, as McDonald’s produced a business benefit of 4. 8 percent overall higher than last February, with an anticipated expanded of 4 percent. All things considered, extravagance vehicle producers promoting to youth might be an apparently innocuous option in contrast to increasing future customers.But after looking into it further, the issue may lie further. By extravagance models making brand unwaveringness so mid one, it gives the feeling that any individual can possess an Audi or BMW, when in reality that isn't the situation. Numerous individuals will always be unable to bear the cost of this sort of vehicle, however by imparting a craving so right off the bat, may make some maintain an unrealistic lifestyle, which means straying into the red to possess an Audi, and have a misguided feeling of achievement. Then again, a youngster may want these vehicles, and commit themselves to trying sincerely with the goal that one day they have the option to bear the cost of one. It is highly unlikely to tell whether this will have a positive or negative impact of the buyer, as the battle is just a beginning to the rehash of two brands that have for a long time been regarded as proper for moderately aged grown-ups. During the period of Old Hollywood, item position was a little piece of the film making business, as corporate items were optional to the content and story line. In today’s combination controlled society, promotion turns into the principle type of financing for a movie, subsequently sometimes controlling the entire uprightness of the film.On TV, certain shows are made around the item itself, and cunningly controlled through redundancy to affect want in the item. The unmistakable quality of this sort of item arrangement is obviously noticeable in TV and film programming that is focused at youth. A model is â€Å"America’s Next Top Model,† the corporate backer of the show is Cover Girl Cosmetics. The entire show is worked around utilizing the items, promoting them in the photograph shoot battles, and again rehashing the brand toward the end during the end service. The brand depicts itself as energetic and new, the ideal brand for little youngsters. The models in the unscripted TV drama all endeavor to win $100,000 contract with Cover Girl. Obviously, this has been an extraordinarily top notch promoting effort, and it is embraced by supermodel Tyra Banks, and is seen by a huge number of little youngsters around the globe. A year ago Cover Girl’s income was US 79. 03 billion dollars. Regardless of whether just a savvy percent of young ladies purchase the beauty care products in view of the show, it is as yet an awesome interest in publicizing for the company.Many motion pictures are following in a similar pattern by boldly basing their contents on item arrangement, sometimes making it the focal point of the whole film. One outrageous model in the parody satire â€Å"Talladega Nights† featuring Will Farrel. The film centers around the promotion of Nascar, Wonderbread, Old Spice, Perrier, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Applebees to give some examples. The watcher is so overpowered by the measure of corporate supporters, that they may neglect to perceive that there is no obvious story line.This film is intended for a youthful crowd as it is loaded up with ludicrously improper and juvenile silliness that unexpectedly recognizes the way that the film is loaded up with item arrangement. This is a splendid method to publicize various items in light of the fact that the film doesn't deny the reality, which makes it practically worthy to the crowd on account of the acknowledgment of the reality. Not long after the film broadcast, Wonderbread began another insightful battle of their own, presenting another entire wheat variant of their bread that took into account children.There is no uncertai nty that Wonderbread turned into the substance of â€Å"Talladega Nights† and consequently remarkable. In the battle for youth crowds, organizations are currently burning through a huge number of dollars on statistical surveying in the strategic discovering what is â€Å"trendy† and â€Å"cool. † In her article Niomi Klein recognizes an alternate way to deal with inquiring about the young age. â€Å"Cool Hunters: The legitimate stalkers of youth culture† (Klein, pg. 72) are utilized to explore adolescents by enormous companies into request to remain current inside their promoting and items. Furnished with their change operators and cool trackers, the superbrands become the enduring high school devotees, trailing the fragrance of cool any place it led† (Klein, pg. 73) that carries reexamination to an unheard of level. These advertisers for the most part center towards the ghettos of enormous urban communities, where subcultures start on account of absence of cash; these young are compelled to utilize their imagination to champion and manufacture a mental self view against the state of affairs. Partnerships, for example, Nike perceive drifts in these networks, and use it towards the coming of another crusade and line of apparel or shoes.The incongruity is that this pattern is obliged rural youth manufactured to resemble the adolescent from the ghettos in light of the fact that â€Å"very frequently the most energizing outfits are from the least fortunate individuals. † (Klein, pg. 73) Wherever there is another pattern developing, the superbrands will discover some approach to m

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Discourse How Horseback Riding Changed My Life Essay I know a young lady who is 15 years of age and has been riding ponies for a long time. She originates from a little city where additional land is rare. A spot where ponies, bovines, and sheep are never observed. In any case, on one exceptional day, consistently is a unique motorcade. On that day consistently there is just about a 100% assurance that there will be a major truck pulled by two Belgian Drafts. She never took in their names nor their accounts, yet since the time she was 2 they were her preferred part. One year when she was 5 and a half she remained before the dollar store as she did each year and watched two ponies come past that certain point. Before she could even hear the hints of their hooves moving toward she saw something else these ponies were littler, various hues, and they had individuals on them, roosted on their backs like minimal blue jays laying on a tree. She had seen nothing like it, it was insane, abnormal, and another wellspring of inquiries that would make her folks insane for a considerable length of time to come. We will compose a custom article on Speech How Horseback Riding Changed My Life explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now As the ponies drew nearer the numbers developed from 2 to 4 to 8! Her eyes became wide and she began to shudder in energy. She tuned in as her mom read a sign that one young lady was holding â€Å"MVA Summer Camps†, that young lady gazed toward her mom and had just single word that rung a bell â€Å"please†. Her and her mom strolled down to a little region after the procession where individuals were arranging to sit on these ponies. Without even re-thinking herself that young lady hopped in line, her mom hurrying behind her to make up for lost time. They hung tight for 5 minutes and when they got to the front of the line her mom conversed with the woman about these day camps as her little girl was slobbering over the ponies coming towards her. A major yellow pony drew closer and a young lady was lifted away from her, a man came up behind the young lady and lifted her onto that equivalent ponies back. The man disclosed to her the ponies name was Whitey and he drove them on, that man had no clue he was the start of that young ladies most current, greatest, dream. Great morning Judges, Parents and individual 4H individuals. My name is Riley McNeice and I am that young lady. Individuals frequently ask me how I engaged with ponies since I live in a town that never had them I never realize how to address that question so I typically state, â€Å"it simply occurred. I went to that day camp, for a long time! I rode ponies and horses from ages 3 to 22, ponies with names that had to do with their shading to names that were groups of stars in the sky. I gained such a great amount from that day camp, how to clean a pony, how to tack a pony and how to ride. I was so fortunate! I have such incredible associations with individuals I met there and individuals I worked with there. In spite of the fact that doing likewise for a long time is fun, it gets exhausting. I had developed as an individual and a rider and I felt that I had developed as much as Possible there. I knew on my eighth year it was my last and it was shocking, yet I additionally realized that I was moving to greener fields. What's more, I did, I met the delightful Hamer/Ziegler family very nearly a year back, I had an inclination that I was greeted wholeheartedly. I was some arbitrary young lady who appeared in rain boots and in an immense sweater simply requesting a chance. They never at any point fluttered an eyelash. I genuinely accept that I wouldnt be remaining here doing what I am managing without them. I think I have created as a rider and an individual as a result of them. That mid year I spent it at their homestead, I assisted with day by day tasks and rode astounding ponies from the day school finished till the day preceding school began. I despite everything work there and would like to state that for some time longer. At the point when I recall that question, I currently observe that it wasnt the ponies that attracted me however it was the individuals that helped me understand who I am.

The Notion of Religious Establishment and Modern Democracy - Free Essay Example

From a modern perspective religion undoubtedly has been on the decline in the UK, however as the UK is one of the most pluralistic societies in Europe it would be inappropriate to rule out the importance of religion completely. Religion has become an increasingly important topic within government, illustrated by the enactment of specific legislation such as Human Rights Act 1998 and Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006[1]. Despite the practice and promotion of several faiths in the UK, Morris argues that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The United Kingdom remains locked constitutionally so far as religion is concerned.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [2] It is suggested that the existence of the established Church of England (COE) contributes hugely to this due to its anachronistic representation in a modern society. This essay will explore whether the notion of establishment is compatible within a modern democracy and other systems in Europe will also be given brief consideration to demonstrate how disestablishment of the COE should not be sought immediately and how our current system provides more benefit than harm. Defining Establishment According to Ogilive, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an established Church is that single Church within a country accepted and recognized by the State as the truest expression of the Christian faith.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [3] Lord Rogers provided an English perspective on establishment by acknowledging that although the COE has à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“certain important linksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [4] with the State, the aims and objectives of the COE differ from those of the State as they have a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“religious mission.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [5] Establishment is generally defined by inspecting the relationship between public bodies and religious authorities. It has also been classified into high and low[6], with the former focusing on the Monarchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role as Supreme Governor of the COE in addition to the presence of Bishops in the House of Lords (HL). In comparison, the latter focuses on the influence of the COE in the ordinary lives of citizens in areas such as prisons or education. Incidents of Establishment The Act of Supremacy[7] affirmed the monarchs position as the only Supreme Head of the COE which was later renamed to Supreme Governor of the COE . The monarchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s position with regard to the COE was further enhanced by the Coronation Oath Act[8] which provides a duty à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“to maintain the true profession of the gospel and the protestant religion.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Whilst this preserves the symbolic status of the COE, it also calls into the question the legitimacy of such statutes in a diverse society. Further controversy relates to the Act of Settlement[9] which deliberately rules out the possibility of a Catholic mona rch and for many today, the existence of such principles is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“shocking to modern eyes.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [10] The underlying purpose of the act was to ensure Protestant succession to the throne and to place limitations on instances where the monarch could marry a person of the Roman Catholic faith. Some commentators argue that the existence of such anti-catholic provisions is not acceptable in contemporary society as it implies that the monarchy is dependent upon anti-catholic beliefs[11]. An example of a royal family member who was not eligible to the line of succession due to marriage with a Roman Catholic is The Earl of St. Andrews.[12] The Act of Settlement sits at unease with the existence of statutes such as the HRA 1998[13] which aim to eliminate discrimination. The act only excludes the possibility of marrying a Roman Catholic which means other faiths are not included in the restrictions however this simply makes the exclusion even more specific and controversial. The coronation ceremony is a symbolic element of bestowing upon the monarch their authority however the event is centralised around Christian principles. Critics argue that this symbolic ceremony should adopt an inclusive rather than exclusive approach. The Fabian Commission[14] also supported this concern as it reported that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a specifically Anglican coronation service is no longer appropriate.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The commission also reported that the focus of the ceremony should be on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“democratic authority conferred on the monarch as Head of Stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [15] and due to this, the coronation would be viewed as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“multi-faith service and be secular.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [16] A pluralistic society demands respect for all religious denominations however when the supreme position of the country is discriminatory itself, this calls into question the democratic principles of such a state as religious freedom cannot be an underlying privilege. The example of Tony Blairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s late declaration of the Catholic faith illustrates this point and shows the anxiety surrounding this whole debate. The passage of the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 removed the disqualification provision after marriage to a Roman Catholic and also removed the prohibition on the monarch being married to a Roman Catholic which indicates positive steps towards removing discrimination. Even so, it is claimed that the underlying discriminatory provision of preventing the monarch from belonging to the Roman Catholic faith remains, thus Protestant domination which existed in 1700 still remains today. Therefore, whilst religious freedom undoubtedly exists, religious equality does not because of establishment of the COE.[17] This position was clarified by the Monarch in 2012 where she said à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the Church has a duty to protect the free practice of all faiths in this countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [18] however with the current existence of discriminatory provisions and with an increase in the practice of non-Christian religions, the notion of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“protecting all faithsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  seems a distinct reality. There is huge anticipation surrounding the next possible monarch over whether establishment would still remain especially as he expressed his desire to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Defender of Faithà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [19] rather than à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Defender of the Faithà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which represents a more inclusive and compatible approach to modern society. The Appointment of Bishops Act 1534 provides for the bishops to sit in the HLà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s through the nomination by the monarch. Since 2007 the Prime Minister no longer plays an active role in the selection of individual candidates[20] and as the role was transferred to the Crown. The presence of bishops in the HL is unique as it is the only national legislature with such religious representation[21] with the number limited to 26 in the Bishop of Ma nchester Act[22]. Although establishment justifies the presence of bishops in the HL critics argue that this gives preference to the Christian faith and thus their presence is not beneficial for other religious denominations. This problem was acknowledged by both parliament and the government and after the 1997 elections the issue of wider religious representation has been considered as part of Lords reform.[23] The Royal Commission on the reform of the HL highlighted how having representation from only one faith was unfair and the Wakeham Commission also stressed how there was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“no direct or logical connection between the establishment of the Church of England and the presence of COEÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °bishops in the Second Chamber.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [24] The Wakeham Commission also proposed a reduction in the number of bishops from 26 to 16.[25] The COE itself endorsed a move towards wider representation as part of plans for a new reformed HL and it als o said that it was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“willing to speak in Parliament for its Christian partners and for the people of other faiths and noneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[26] Despite the best efforts of the Commission to broaden representation, the government claimed that the practical obstacles would be too great and not all faiths have a hierarchical structure which allows the identification of religious representatives.[27] These concerns were also supported by a constitution unit which highlighted the practicalities and difficulties of reaching an agreement that would satisfy all religious groups.[28] The privileged position of bishops in the HL has been a huge concern for many years however the favourable position does not diminish the value of other faith groups. Anna Harlow[29] conducted a questionnaire with regard to the role of the bishops and more than half felt that their position allowed them to represent faiths generally and not just the COE. The bishops also commented on how they hav e frequent contact with other religious groups on both religious and national matters.[30] This positive approach towards establishment has also been supported by religious representatives with Tariq Modood[31] amongst others who argued that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“as long as the COE can preside over the multifaith situation with sensitivity, tolerance, respect and non-interference, there should be no resentment of its special relationship with the British state.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [32] Bishop Micheal Nazir-Ali also supports the current structure by arguing that the COE retains a special place in society and allows à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“voiceless people to be heard.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [33] History has provided the COE with guaranteed institutional representation[34] in the HL however these anachronistic privileges play a useful part in modern democracy. Having religious representation in the HOL is beneficial to all faith groups and ensures religion retains a special place in modern society and after 20 07 with the PM less active in the appointment of bishops, it promotes the autonomous nature of the COE. Proposals for a wholly elected HL therefore should not be supported as it would disregard the importance of bishops in the HL and there would undoubtedly be no room for bishops to sit in the HL under a wholly elected chamber. The established position of the COE also impacts upon the ordinary lives of citizens in areas such as education and prisons which is commonly referred to as low establishment. The Education Act 1996 states that a Standing Advisory Committee on Religious Education must decide the content of religious education and the COE has a reserved position in the committee. Even though this provides a privileged seat for the COE it does not diminish the importance of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“other religions represented in Great Britain.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [35] This favourable position for the COE is a sign of establishment[36] and also provides full religious coverage regardless of the number professing the Anglican faith. Nevertheless, the mandatory coverage of the COE should be maintained as a religious aspect to education provides a sense of identification for many members of modern society who are religious. The Prison Act 1952[37] holds that every prison must have a chaplain irrespective of the number of prisoners who profess the Anglican faith. This further indicates the effects of establishment of the COE however it is important to note that the chaplain has a duty towards all inmates.[38] These two examples of low establishment demonstrate the privileged position of the COE as a result of establishment however they by no means belittle other faiths and a positive approach towards other faiths is demanded which is compatible with a modern democracy. Scottish Model The relationship of the COS with the state is regulated by the Church of Scotland Act 1921 and the act supplemented with the Articles Declaratory provides freedom to the church in its m ission.[39] Article IV is the most important as it provides for the independence of the church including the right to be involved in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“all questions concerning membership and office in the church.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [40] Scotland enjoys what is regarded as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“light establishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [41] and the position differs from that in England. The monarch is not the Supreme Governor of the COS however they must commit to preserving the church and the Presbyterian government. Unlike the English position, royal assent is not required for legislation and COS members are void of the right to sit in the Lords. A further indication of the separation of church and state is the distinction of matters spiritual however the relevant case of Percy[42] which concerned sex discrimination and acknowledged the right of the church to deal with such matters, held that contracts between a church and its ministers can have effect in law, casting doubt on what constitutes matters spiritual.[43] The Scottish position seems to promote autonomy and freedom of the church and many view this model as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an example to be emulated.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [44] In addition to this Hastings also praised the Scottish establishment model by saying it is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a system in which religion is accepted as not being subject to State authority but bearer of a kind of independent sovereignty which merits public recognition.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [45] State Church systems in other EU States It is also worth considering how establishment operates in member states across Europe. A comparative approach will be taken in relation to the systems in both Denmark and Greece. The Danish system encompasses a high degree of state involvement in the Church, with the Danish constitution stating that the church à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“is to be supported by the state in its economic, legal and political relations.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [46] The Danish church has a relatively low level of autonomy, with church regulation in the hands of the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs due to the inexistence of an internal synod with legislative capabilities. Their functions include approving the appointment of clergy, which is reflective of the COE position until 2007 which saw less involvement from the PM. In comparison, the position of Greece is more liberal and state control is minimal. The Greek constitution states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the orthodox church is autocephalousà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [47] providing for its autonomous nature and the Holy Synod enjoys legislative functions as it can create canon law which differs from the position in Denmark. One similarity exists between the Greek and English model in that state authorisation is required for appointments and nominations to the church. This analysis highlights the differences between state models, but more importantly emphasises how the UK is not the only state in modern times with a highly established system. By comparing tw o distinct models like Denmark and Greece, it shows the usefulness of our present system and how gradually our present system can be improved through observing other states rather than seeking immediate disestablishment. Conclusion A British Social Attitudes survey demonstrated that in a time period of 25 years, those prepared to say that they had no religion rose from 31% to 41% and that 50% of respondents claimed that they were Christian[48] therefore the question needs to be asked whether the establishment of the COE is compatible with a modern democracy. The privileged position of one faith in the Lords is offensive as it implies that only those people are qualified to carry out those functions.[49] However, representatives of minority faiths have supported the current system and it is argued that at least some members of religious minorities would feel more isolated and detached in a disestablished state than under the present one.[50] The monarchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s posi tion with regard to the COE is based on anachronistic principles and is not reflective of modern society however the position of bishops in the Lords differs as they perform important representative functions and uphold the importance of religion especially during times when religion itself is declining. An established COE is compatible within a pluralistic society and is more importantly supported by Article 9 of the ECHR[51] , where case law has provided authority that there is no religious discrimination provided the state does not compel such practices upon its citizens. Although the current system has its flaws like every other system, a process of gradual change is more appropriate rather than seeking a radical solution such as disestablishment and there are alternative models, such as the Scottish model, present in modern times that can provide a platform to bring about change. Bibliography: Books Russell Sandberg, Law and Religion (Cambridge University Press, New York 2011) Fabian Society, The Future of the Monarchy (Fabian Society, London, 2003) Tariq Modood, Church, State and Religious Minorities (Policies Studies Institute, London 1997) The Constitution Unit, University College London, Comparative Study of Second Chambers (London: University College, 2002) Cases Aston Cantlow v. Wallbank [2004] 1 AC 456 Percy v Church of Scotland Board of National Mission (2005) UKHL 73 Journal Articles Brazier, R. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Legislating about the Monarchyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2007) Cambridge Law Journal, 86 Cranmer,F. Doe, N. and Harlow, A. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Bishops in the House of Lords: A Critical Analysisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2008) PL, 490 McClean, D. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Changing Legal Framework of Establishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2004) Ecc. L.J. 292 Modood, T. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Establishment, Multiculturalism and British Citizenshipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (1994) 65 The Political Quarterly 53 Morris, B. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Succession to the crown bill: possible untoward effectsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) Ecc. L.J. , 189 Morris, B. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Future of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Highà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Establishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2011) Ecclesiastical Law Journal, 260 Munro, C. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Does Scotland have an established Church?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ 1997 4 Ecc LJ 644 Oliva, J. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Legal Protection of Believers and Beliefs in the United Kingdomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2007) 40 Ecc. L.J. 66 Oliva, J. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Church, State and Establishment in the UK in the 21st Century: Anachronism or Idiosyncrasy?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2010) Public Law, 482 Ogilvie M.H, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"What is a Church by Law established?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1990) 28 Osgoode Hall L.J. 179 R M Morris, Church and State in 21st Century Britain, (Palgrave Macmillan Publishing 2009) 45 Legislation Act of Supremacy 1559 Act of Settlement 1700 Appointment of Bishops Act 1534 Bishop of Manchester Act 1847 Coronation Oath Act 1688 Education Act 1996 European Convention on Human Rights Human Rights Act 1998 The Danish Constitution 1849 The Prison Act 1952 Websites lt;https://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/MaryIIWilliamIIIandTheActofSettlement/TheActofSettlement.aspxgt; accessed 11 March 2014 1 [1] Oliva, J. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Legal Protection of Believers and Beliefs in the United Kingdomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2007) 40 Ecc. L.J. 66 [2]Oliva, J. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Church, State and Establishment in the UK in the 21st Century: Anachronism or Idiosyncrasy?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2010) Public Law, 482 [3] Ogilvie M.H, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"What is a Church by Law established?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1990) 28 Osgoode Hall L.J. 179 [4] Aston Cantlow v. Wallbank [2004] 1 AC 456 [5] Oliva (n 2) [6] Oliva, J (n 2) [7] Act of Supremacy 1559 [8] Coronation Oath Act 1688 [9] Act of Settlement 1700 [10] Leigh, I. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"By law established? The Crown, Constitutional Reform and the Church of Englandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2004) P.L. 269 [11]Oliva (n 2) [12]lt;https://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/MaryIIWilliamIIIandTheActofSettlement/TheActofSettlement.aspxgt; accessed 11 March 2014 [13] Human Rights Act 1998 [14] Fabian Society, The Future of the Monarchy (Fabian Society, London, 2003) [15] Fabian Society (n 14) [16] Fabian Society (n 14) [17] Morris, B. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" Succession to the crown bill: possible untoward effectsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) Ecc. L.J. , 189 [18] Morris (n 17) [19] Oliva (n 2) [20] Green Paper on the Governance of Britain published on July 3 2007 declared that the PM should not play an active role in selecting candidates [21] R M Morris, Church and State in 21st Century Britain, (Palgrave Macmillan Publishing 2009) 45 [22] Bishop of Manchester Act 1847 [23] Cranmer,F. Doe, N. and Harlow, A. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Bishops in the House of Lords: A Critical Analysisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2008) PL, 490 [24] Harlow (n 23) [25] The Wakeham Commission also proposed that 5 out of the 10 remaining seats be awarded to members of non-Christian communities [26] Harlow (n 23) [27] Oliva (n 2) [28] The Constitution Unit, University College London, Com parative Study of Second Chambers (London: University College, 2002) 35 [29] Harlow (n 23) [30] Harlow (n 23) [31] Modood, T. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Introduction: Establishment, Reform and Multiculturalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , in Modood (ed.),Church, State and Religious Minorities, 1997 (p13) [32] Oliva (n 2) [33] Oliva (n 2) [34] Harlow (n 23) [35] Education Act 1996 s.375(3) [36] Oliva (n 2) [37] The Prison Act 1952 s.7(1) [38] Oliva (n 2) [39] McClean, D. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Changing Legal Framework of Establishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2004) Ecc. L.J. 292 [40] McClean (n 39) [41] R Sandberg, Law and Religion, Cambridge University Press 2011 (70) [42] Percy v Church of Scotland Board of National Mission (2005) UKHL 73 [43] Oliva (n 2) [44] Munro, C. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Does Scotland have an established Church?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ 1997 4 Ecc LJ 644 [45] McClean (n 39) [46] The Danish Constitution 1849,1953 (Art.4) [47] J.Oliva- Lecture Handout [48] Morris, B. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Future of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Highà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Establishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2011) Ecclesiastical Law Journal, 260 [49] Brazier, R. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Legislating about the Monarchyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2007) Cambridge Law Journal, 86 [50] Modood, T. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Establishment, Multiculturalism and British Citizenshipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (1994) 65 The Political Quarterly 53 [51] European Convention on Human Rights (Art 9) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 

History of the Flsa Essay - 982 Words

The History of the Fair Labor Standards Act Abstract After the great depression, unions were legalized in order to be the voice for the workers for whom they represented to their employers. Once this legalization became evident through federal statute, set the stage for what was to become the Fair Labor Standards Act. Having just survived a depression, the United States was hoping to avoid any future economic downturns, the government would accomplish this with paying higher wages that the employer could afford and employees could provide for their families. The History of the Fair Labor Standards Act The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is administered by the United States Department of Labor Wage and Hour Division.†¦show more content†¦The President set out to raise wages, create employment, and thus restore business, the Nations employers signed more than 2.3 million agreements covering 16.3 million employees (Grossman, 1978). On White Monday, March 29, 1937, the High Court reversed its course when it decided the case of West Coast Hotel Company v. Parrish, the plaintiff was suing for back wages, in a turnaround, Justice Owen Roberts voted with the four-man liberal minority to uphold the Washington minimum wage law; the FLSA had been vindicated. Justice Roberts vote and big switch was an important event in American legal history, social history in America also changed for the legal attitude toward labor standards (Grossman, 1978). The FLSA achieved its aim through a single mandatory device: forced overtime pay, it forces employers to pay employees when working lon ger than 40 hours. Rather than balancing the interests of employers and employees, the obligations and burdens imposed by the Act are completely one-sided; they favor employees alone (Wilson, 2005). 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The Effects Of Modern Mass Culture On Modern Society

Advertising is one of the most common types of social communication and an integral element of modern mass culture. It was the product of the development of market-oriented economic culture production methods, gradually, as the development of information technology in the process of historical evolution, becoming one of the most important social institutions of modern society. The study of nonverbal communication was engaged by scholars such as A. Pease, E. Hall, R. Berdvistell, G. Wilson, M. L. Knapp. Advertising is one of the channels of social communication. The system of social communication provides not only the preservation and rebroadcast achievements of culture and cultural norms and everyday practices, but it is also a crucial part of the process of inculturation personality which is essential to the processes of social development as a whole. 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Nursing Ethics for Utilitarian Approach - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theNursing Ethics for Utilitarian Approach and Deontology. Answer: Introduction The case study is concerned about Sam. Sam is a 21 years old boy, who had been admitted to the hospital with acute abdominal pain. According to the reports he had a past medical history of drug associated psychosis. Self harming and agitated behavior of Sam have compelled the clinical staffs to put him under restraints. According to Camilla, who was the nurse attending Sam , restraint on Sam would not only exacerbate Sams violence and agitation, but will also put other patients and the nurse at risk. The following essay will throw light on the different codes of ethics of nursing that have been breached in this case study. This essay will also critically analyze the nursing codes of ethics and the rights of human dignity associated to this case. The essay will further explain the utilization of the alternative methods of care for the preservation of the ethics of nursing. Discussion Utilitarian approach- This approach assesses an action in terms of the consequences and the outcomes. According to this ethics any decision would be made for the greater good. One act can be harmful for a particular patient, but it would provide safety to the other patients (Gray Schein, 2012). Deontology- The deontological approach is the normative ethical position that will determine the morality of action based on the rules. As per the deontological of ethics, an action may be considered as good, because of the feature of the action itself and not because of the product of the action ( Gray Schein, 2012). Libertarianism- This approach emphasizes on freedom of choice, individual judgment, freedom of speech and autonomy. In this case it is evident that the clinical staffs have imposed restraints on Sam, which may be considered as the breaching of the autonomy of the patient (Gray Schein, 2012). Even if the entire intent was for the betterment of the patient, leaving the patient out of his decisions leads to violation of the self of the concerned patient. Natural Law: this theory suggests that law and morality are interdependent and are interconnected. As per the theories of the Natural law, morality in human beings is derived from the nature (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). Virtual theory: this approach emphasizes on giving importance to the individual character. There are 3 main virtues of ethics. They are- Ethics of care, Eudaimonism and Agent based theories (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). Egalitarianism: Equity should be maintained among all the people living in the society. This concept is based on the fact that all human beings are equal. This approach is well acceptable in nursing practices, as this is one of the sole principles that a nurse should follow (Gray Schein, 2012). In this case it can be found that if the nurse performs according to the convenience of the patient, then it can bring in harm for the other clinical staffs. Again for the safety of other patients, if the patient is applied restraint and is tied, then it will be against the nursing ethics of autonomy (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). The different ethical of virtues of Principlism are Justice, Non maleficience, beneficence, respect for the autonomy of the patient and respect for human integrity and dignity (Beauchamp, 2016). The ethical principle of Autonomy refers to freedom in patients. Another ethical principle refers to Beneficence (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2013). This principle approaches a type of care that is best for the patient and involves good conduct of the nurses. In order to apply beneficence in nursing, nurses sometimes have to take up rude decisions which are intended for the betterment of the patient. The principle of Non maleficense follows that a patient should not be harmed at any cost (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). It should be made sure that the act that is being done with the patient is intrinsically not wrong and have some underlying superior effects. The concept of Justice refers to a complicated conundrum, if a patient is forcibly detained against his consent. In this case study the different principles of ethics that has been breached are beneficence, Justice, Non maleficence and Respect for patient autonomy, respect for human dignity (Lin, Watson Tsai, 2013). The primary codes of ethics that have been breached in this case is that Although Sam was showing anger and aggression, he would not be harmed at any cost (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2013). Second ethical issue that has been breached in this case is non-maleficence shown by the nurse named Julia. According to Julia, investing time on Sam would be just a waste of time. In case of Camilla, the type of dilemma that has been faced by her is of utilitarian approach. The statements made by Julia are associated to the moral and the ethical principle of Utilitarian approach (Lin, Watson Tsai, 2013). This kind of approach can ham the individual but it would cater to some greater good. In this case, it is clearly evident that if Sam is set free then he might harm other patients and the clinical staffs, which will reduce the maximum, benefit (Butts Rich, 2015). Principles of maleficence indicate that no patient should be harmed in any way, thus principle of maleficence have been breached in this c ase (Grace, 2017). Secondly, it can be seen from the concerned case study that Julia had expressed discontent regarding provision of treatment to Sam. Thus, the principles of Justice and Egalitarianism had been breached in this case. It is evident from the case study that Camilla is inclined to the concept of deontology and thus is perturbed about the mental condition of Sam (Beauchamp, 2016). As per the theory of virtue, it is necessary to consider the condition of the individual before judging a patient. In this case Julia is judging Sam on the basis of his attitude and action. She is not considerate about the mental health of Sam and is more concerned about their own well being. It is clearly evident from the case study that Camilla has been showing concerns for Sam as well as her peers. Therefore it can be said that Camilla is adopting the egalitarianism theory that believes on equality among the all human beings. It is proved from the case study that Camillas mind set is directed by the ethical principle of liberty (Grace, 2017, Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). Only Camilla has identified that although application of restraint would bring about positive impact on other patients and nurses, this would be against the rights of liberty of Sam. There are certain codes of professional conduct that needs to be upheld by the nurses during their nursing regimen. A nurse should be able to provide care to the patient that is culturally safe and competent. A nurse should be able to provide a quality nursing care to all the patients (Grace, 2017, Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). Nurses should be able to value the culturally diversified people and would be able to provide a care that is patient centered. As per the nursing codes of conduct it is necessary to rule out the determinants of poor health such as race, psychosocial and the cognitive disability, socio economic statues (Grace, 2017, Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). It is essential to built up a socially, economically and ecologically sustainable ambience to mitigate the harmful effects of these social determinants. Human dignity is an individuals sense of self worth and self respect (Grace, 2017, Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). Every patient has been entitled to get some basal level of care, which includes food, shelter and personal safety. The human rights in nursing practice involves respect, proper recognition, protection of economic, civil, cultural and political rights in human beings (Curto et al., 2016). It should be noted that there are certain episodes of care that may appear to be frightening for the patient and can conflict with the ethics of human dignity. In this case Sam has been applied restraint, so that he does not harm himself and others, but such an action can lead to further agitation and annoyance in Sam and erosion of his dignity. The practice of nursing is something beyond delivering care to the patients. It includes provision of maleficence, beneficence, patent advocacy, justice and integrity to the patient(Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). It is evident from the case study that the medical team had ordered restraint on Sam. As a nurse it is essential to understand the physical and the emotional burden in Sam, which is acute abdominal pain and his psychosocial dysfunction (Ivanov Oden, 2013). Therefore as a nurse my first recommendation can be to adopt alternative techniques which would be safe and would not harm the integrity of the patient. It should be mentioned that application of restraint may be dangerous for mental patients. A patient with psychosocial problems should be dealt holistically, such that an ambience of trust generates between the patient and the nurse. Sam could have been left alone for some times unless he settled down them he could have convinced regarding is treatment. It is known from the case study that apart from Camilla, the other clinical staffs were resentful in attending Sam. Instead of doing this, all the clinical staffs could have utilized a collaborative approach and would have acted as a therapeutic team in care of Sam. Conclusion The above mentioned case study provides us with a vivid idea regarding the nursing codes of ethics and also determines the ethical codes that have been breached in this case. Thus it can be concluded that non-maleficence, beneficence, dignity and integrity in patients should be considered critically while dealing with patients like Sam. However keeping his aggression and agitation in mind, restraints would support the law of deontology but can have negative impact on mental patients. References Beauchamp, T. L. (2016). Principlism in Bioethics. InBioethical Decision Making and Argumentation(pp. 1-16). Springer International Publishing. 27 September 2016 Buchanan, A. (2010). The egalitarianism of human rights.Ethics,120(4), 679-710. Burkhardt, M. A., Nathaniel, A. (2013).Ethics and issues in contemporary nursing. Nelson Education. Butts, J., Rich, K. (2015). Foundations of Ethical Nursing Practice.Role Development in Professional Nursing Practice,117.p.p. 117 Chadwick, R., Gallagher, A. (2016).Ethics and nursing practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Curto, M., Masters, G. A., Girardi, P., Baldessarini, R. J., Centorrino, F. (2016). Factors Associated with Costs of Hospitalization of Severely Mentally Ill Patients.Bipolar Disord,2(104), 2. DOI: 10.4172/jbd.1000104 Gray, K., Schein, C. (2012). Two minds vs. two philosophies: Mind perception defines morality and dissolves the debate between deontology and utilitarianism.Review of Philosophy and Psychology,3(3), 405-423. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969733012458609 Ivanov, L. L., Oden, T. L. (2013). Public health nursing, ethics and human rights.Public Health Nursing,30(3), 231-238. DOI:10.1111/phn.12022 Kangasniemi, M., Pakkanen, P., Korhonen, A. (2015). Professional ethics in nursing: an integrative review.Journal of advanced nursing,71(8), 1744-1757. DOI:10.1111/jan.12619 Kangasniemi, M., Vaismoradi, M., Jasper, M., Turunen, H. (2013). Ethical issues in patient safety: Implications for nursing management.Nursing ethics,20(8), 904-916. Retrieved from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969733013484488 Lin, Y. P., Watson, R., Tsai, Y. F. (2013). Dignity in care in the clinical setting: A narrative review.Nursing Ethics,20(2), 168-177.retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969733012458609 Taylor, R. M. (2013). Ethical principles and concepts in medicine.Handbook of clinical neurology,118, 1-9. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-53501-6.00001-9

Is Silas Marner a Moral Tale Essay Example

Is Silas Marner a Moral Tale Paper A moral tale is a recalled story with a deeper, meaningful lesson to be learned hidden in it. The earliest moral tales probably originate from the Bible. One such moral tale in it was about a shepherd who had one hundred sheep. But when a lamb strayed away, the shepherd left his flock of ninety-nine and looked for that one lost sheep. When he found the lamb, he took it back to the flock. And the moral of this tale? Everyone is just as worthy/valuable as everyone else. Many of these moral tales appear in other books as well. One common trait in many moral tales, is that they are quite simple, or at least the moral part normally is. And the moral within the story is easy to spot. It is a lesson on how to treat others/ or how to behave or act. The setting and atmosphere at the beginning of Silas Marner is the simple village, Lantern Yard. You get the impression that Lantern Yard is a very religious village, and has minimal contact with the outside world and new technology. They arent greedy, nor is food as plentiful as in Raveloe. In the first paragraph, Silas Marner, and weavers in general, are described as near aliens, and the craft they are skilled at, couldnt be carried on entirely without the help of the Evil One the evil one being the devil. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Silas Marner a Moral Tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is Silas Marner a Moral Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is Silas Marner a Moral Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer George Eliot is trying to make the point in the first few lines of Silas Marner, that people judge people and things that they dont understand. And you get the feeling that the residents of Lantern Yard are almost primitive, in the sense that they dont even understand the simple craft of weaving. The name, Lantern Yard, also has a meaning. The yard in Lantern Yard, gives you the sense that the village is enclosed and lantern being warm and homely. Silas Marner is first introduced in the book as a mysterious weaver living in a stone cottage by a stone pit in Raveloe. But the description of the noise from the loom, so unlike the natural cheerful trotting of the winnowing-machine or the simpler rhythm of the flail, gives the feeling that he was perceived as unknown to Raveloe. He is described as someone obsessed with his work, and his large brown protuberant eyes in Silas Marners pale face really saw nothing very distinctly that was not close to them although the Raveloe kids believed he could dart cramp, or rickets, or a wry mouth with a single stare. And because of this description, he must look very daunting and almost spooky and frightful. I believe some of George Eliots life mirror themselves in this book in an abstract form. Parts in the book about Silas Marner losing faith. She also lost her faith (George Eliot=Mary Ann Evans) and maybe she is putting her point across in this book. In previous books, namely The Mill on The Floss, she added many of her own experiences, and I believe she has done the same in Silas Marner. In the way that he is treated in Raveloe and Lantern Yard. For instance in Raveloe, he is ignored and silenced from social events, and the same happened to Mary Ann Evans after she ran off with the already-married George Henry Lewes. And in Lantern Yard, Silas is judged by the parishioners and friends, the same as Mary Ann Evans was. After the introductions to Raveloe and Silas Marner himself, it is revealed why Silas was forced to leave Lantern Yard and how he came to live in Raveloe. And there is a moral question in lantern Yard that a man should be judged by a kind of pulling straws method. I think in this way, Mary Ann Evans, is trying to put a point across, that you cannot judge anyone with hocus-pocus as it were. Because you know that Marner is innocent, yet he is dealt with injustice, and I think she may also be hitting out at believers in God. When he is falsely accused and judged at Lantern Yard, all that he believes in, his main object in life is shattered, and the only thing he can do and wants to do is isolate himself from people, the rest of this new world called Raveloe and God, who he believes has betrayed him. Maybe she believes that whether you believe in Him or not, you are still accused and judged, good or bad, innocent or guilty. The contrasts play a major part in Silas Marner. Lantern Yard is a very religious village, and the church plays a major part within the village. The village itself is very isolated from the outside world and new technology. Food is not as in much excess as it is in Raveloe, because unlike Lantern Yard, orchards looking lazy with neglected plenty; the large church in the wide courtyard, which men gazed at lounging at their own doors in service time . And this extract, is pointing out the contrasts between Lantern Yard and Raveloe. In Raveloe, food is plentiful, and orchards with apple trees in them, stand full of ripe fruit, yet the apples are not taken from the tree, because there is so much food, that they are not needed. But this is not the case in Lantern Yard, where they have to take in as much food as possible, as food cannot be wasted there, for there isnt enough to be wasted. And then it describes men, lounging at their own front doors, but in Lantern Yard, it was a different story, and the villagers of lantern yard would be eager to go to church, but in Raveloe, there is no need for all that, and not many people do go to church in Raveloe, yet you would of thought they would have more to be grateful for, and I think that is what Mary Ann Evans is trying to put across. I believe she is trying to say that whether you worship God or not, and go to church regularly, it doesnt matter. you still maybe poor or hungry, and going to church and worshipping God would not change that. So if Silas Marner is a moral tale, it is going against everything the Victorians believed in. And that if you dont believe in God, you can still be well off with plenty of food on the table. When Silas was exiled from Lantern Yard, the reason he does not go to church in Raveloe, is not only because he wishes to be isolated, it may also be the connection to Lantern Yard and God. In Lantern Yard, they are not as well off , and need to work harder for their food. But in Raveloe, there is a sharp contrast. Raveloe is a secular town, and the church plays a minor role in the town and its residents. There is also plenty of food, there were several chiefs in Raveloe who could farm badly quite at their ease, drawing enough money in those war times, to live in a rollicking fashion, and keep a jolly Christmas, Whitsun and Eastertide, meaning Raveloe was a thriving economy, where you didnt have to work hard to make a good bit of money, and that everyone was well off and well fed too. In the second chapter, The Groove Made by Fifteen Years in Raveloe, the mood is set that Silas is unhinged from his old-faith, and the past becomes dreamy because its symbols have all vanished, and the present too is dreamy because it is linked with no memories. What Mary Ann Evans is trying to say is that when you are in a new space, a new environment, everything becomes blurred, and dreamy, because you do not know this place and have no memories of it. And that memories are what make a place, for example, home is not home, unless you have memories of that place, and you know people there. But for Silas, Raveloe is like a new world, and it is all dreamy to him, because he has no memories of that place. The towns people in Raveloe, because they dont understand him, do not trust him either and keep their distance. Silas after his exile from Lantern Yard, doesnt trust God or people and they do not trust him back. He rarely leaves his cottage, except to get essentials, and doesnt talk to anyone. So they think he is a bit mysterious, and therefore dont trust him. His first movement after the shock had been to work in his loom; and he went on with this unremittingly, never asking himself why, now he was come to Raveloe, and this extract, tells us Silas reaction to moving into Raveloe, and his instinct almost tells him to work. But at first, he doesnt care for the money, only to work: but it was pleasant to him to feel them in his palm, the five gold guineas he held. And this is when his motives for weaving change, from an instinct, too a greed for gold. But it doesnt start of as greed, at first it is a fascination, because in Lantern Yard, he probably would never have seen this much money before. And it was another element of life, like the weaving and the satisfaction of hunger and this gives us an insight, that Silas loves his weaving as much as satisfying a hunger, and he now has this new element of life, and that is gold. There is a lot of moral comment through each character. And they all get their just deserts in the end. Many are either punished, or rewarded, and that is why I think this book is a moral tale, but a very complex one with more than one message. For instance, Dunstan, Godfreys brother, is really hated in Raveloe because he is rude, dishonest, and disrespectful to them. Then he does the worst, and steals Silas Marners gold, and the description of Dunstan when he stepped forward into the darkness has a double meaning. One, it is a descriptive sentence, and it describes how dark it is, and him stepping into that darkness. The second, is an abstract account, of Dunstan doing something much worse than he ever has before, and stepping forward to a new evil. And the moral message in Dunstans story, is that the truth will always come out, because at the end of Silas Marner it is discovered that Dunstan has drowned, and silas money is returned to him; but because of his new love in Eppie, it cannot hold him like it did before. Another character with a moral comment within him is Dunstans brother, Godfrey Cass, who lies for many years about a secret marriage he has with a drug-addict, and who is a victim to the demon opium and a secret child to that wife. That child later becomes Eppie, and while Godfreys wife goes to see him and tell the truth to his family and friends, she dies in the snow where she does not feel the bed was cold, and this two has another meaning, that she was cold and heartless. While her child wanders into Silas house, and he believes it to be a present from God. But when Godfrey learns of his wifes death, he is pleased, and wishes to propose to Nancy Lammeter, and care for his child. But he cannot bring himself to tell the truth to his wife, and so keeps it from her, and lets Silas Marner look after her instead. But sixteen years later, Godfrey tells Nancy all about Eppie, and she says to Godfrey, Godfrey, if you had but told me this six years ago, we could have done some of our duty by the child. Do you think Id have refused to take her in, if Id known she was yours? And you feel great sympathy for Godfrey, for if he had told Nancy all that time ago, he may now be the father of Eppie. They do go to Silas but she has known only Silas to be her father, and stays with him. He is almost, the tragic hero of the story, but for one secret, one lie, he been punished for the rest of his life. But Eppie does bring happiness to Silas, who, after losing his gold, falls into a sort of numbness, but when he finds Eppie on the floor, in her golden hair and his short eyesight, he sees his gold. And this is symbolism, because he sees the only thing he had loved in Raveloe, in this little girl, and a new, warmer love starts to fill him. So in Silas story, he gets what he deserves, happiness. He was a good man, who was unfortunately thrown out of Lantern Yard, but he finally found happiness in Eppie. Nancy, was just unfortunate to get caught up in it all. A sort of innocence almost, and she shares her sorrow with Godfrey. When Eppie does come to Silas, it is like a message from God. For all these years, he had been exiled from Lantern Yard, and no friends, relatives, or just people he knew in Raveloe. But when Eppie comes, it is redemption and forgiveness from God. Eppie is innocence from an evil background. A background of her mother and opium. In the end, the truth is always revealed, and I think this is the main moral in Silas Marner. The truth about Godfrey being Eppies father and about Dunstan stealing Silas money. When Nancy and Godfrey, tell Eppie if she comes with them she can become a proper lady, but Eppie doesnt want this. She has realized she does not need riches and money to be happy and loved, all because of Silas. This is almost Godfreys punishment, if he had told the truth, he could have had Nancy and Eppie, but because he didnt, he paid the price of not being Eppies father. Dunstan dies in a river, and after taking the choice of stepping forward into the darkness, he is punished for it, he steals money, and for what? He doesnt get a chance to spend it, a chance to be evil. Near the end when Eppie marries Aaron, they are happy, yet do not have much money. And I believe what the author is trying to tell us is that you dont need great amounts of wealth and money, in the case of Eppie and Silas. Silas found love and happiness in Eppie even though he had lost his money, and Eppie and Aaron found love in each other, without having much money and riches. Their garden is a symbol of their simple happiness, and I think the author has put this in deliberately. And to say that you only need a simple life to have simple pleasures, and this is the same with Silas. I do think Silas Marner is a moral tale. But not just about the way we behave. I think it is trying to tell us that we dont need great wealth to be happy, that happiness cannot be bought with money, and this moral is repeated in Silas and Eppies stories. Also, that the truth always comes out sometime, and you cant keep a secret or lie forever. Dunstans secret about him stealing the money comes out in the end, it takes sixteen years for the truth to come out but it does come out, and I think that is what the author has tried to emphasis; it may take a while, but the truth does come out eventually. I think a very old moral also appears, treat your neighbor has you would like to be treated and I think this is the case with Silas and Dunstan. They both either disrespect people, or try to isolate themselves from them, and they both got the same treatment back. But Dunstan, among other things was just disrespectful, and he was punished for that. Silas though, he did have an almost plausible reason for his actions, and at least he never did any wrong. I think what the main moral within the book that the author is trying to get across is to try to be kind, honest, truthful, and respectful, and the same will happen to you. And I think this story has come from many of the authors own imagination, but also from her own experiences with religion, society, and also social life and differences.